External failure
When any type of defective
item or rejects pass through an entire process
and are received by the end user. These are the most costly types of
failures due to the time involved to fix the error and customer
perceptions, (see defect for additional
reasoning).
These failures are almost always related to
non-value added activities
and are reflected in the VOC, (voice
of the customer).
It is more expensive because product can
become damaged due to excess handling during repairs, retesting, re-inspection,
and costs related to other overhead items such as moving defective product
from and back to customer.
Related to customer
requirements.
